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Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Other, Soap
Boughs used to scrub the body during a sweatbath to impart a nice smell and make the skin clean.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Apache, White Mountain Food, Candy
Pitch used as gum.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic
Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for intestinal pains.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Antidiarrheal
Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for diarrhea.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal)
Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for rheumatism.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Cathartic
Gum and dogfish oil taken as a purgative for many ailments.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Cold Remedy
Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for colds.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Diuretic
Decoction of gum taken warm as a diuretic for gonorrhea.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Emetic
Gum and dogfish oil taken as an emetic for many ailments.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for intestinal pains.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Laxative
Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for constipation.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid
Decoction of gum taken warm as a diuretic for gonorrhea.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid
Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for gonorrhea.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Chehalis Other, Fuel
Bark used for firewood.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Chehalis Other, Good Luck Charm
Warmed cones used as charms to stop the rain.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Chehalis Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Used to make salmon spears and harpoons.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Cowlitz Drug, Cold Remedy
Decoction of plant taken as a cold medicine.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Cowlitz Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of pitch applied to sores.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Cowlitz Food, Candy
Pitch chewed as a gum.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Cowlitz Other, Fuel
Bark used for firewood.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Cowlitz Other, Good Luck Charm
Cones placed near the fire and used as charms to bring sunshine.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Cowlitz Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Used to make salmon spears and harpoons.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Green River Group Other, Fuel
Bark used for firewood.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Green River Group Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Used to make salmon spears and harpoons.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Hoh Fiber, Building Material
Formerly used to make shakes and clapboards for houses.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items
Plant used for the Ni-man and Po-wa-me ceremony.
Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 353
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Drug, Disinfectant
Boughs used as an antiseptic.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Drug, Herbal Steam
Plant used as sweathouse fuel.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Fiber, Building Material
Wood used to make planks.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Food, Spice
Boughs used as 'seasoning' for barbecued elk or deer meat.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Other, Decorations
Soot from burned pitch rubbed into the punctures made in tattooing a girl's chin.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Other, Good Luck Charm
Boughs considered 'good luck.'
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Boughs used in fire to pass the bow & arrow through, to prevent the deer from smelling the hunter.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make the salmon harpoon shaft and dip net poles.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Other, Tools
Wood used to make the hook for climbing sugar pine trees.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Klallam Food, Candy
Pitch chewed as a gum.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Klallam Other, Fuel
Bark used for firewood.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Klallam Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Used to make salmon spears and harpoons.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Lummi Other, Fuel
Bark used for firewood.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Lummi Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Used to make salmon spears and harpoons.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Maidu Fiber, Basketry
Twigs used as coarse twine warp in the manufacture of baskets.
Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches used in the Shooting Chant.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Analgesic
Plant used for headaches.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Disinfectant
Plant used for fumigation.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Plant used for stomach disease.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Needles used as a ceremonial emetic.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic
Needles used as a ceremonial emetic.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches attached to masks and carried in hands by god impersonators in Nightway.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches used to make Holyway big hoop.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items
Used to make bow and chant arrow for overshooting ceremony of Evilway.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14